demonstrative adjectives
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Este(a) and estos(as) are used to refer to objects or persons close to the speaker. These would be used when you'd use the Spanish word aquí.
Ex: This book (within a few feet of the speaker).
 
Ese(a) and esos(as) are used to refer to objects or persons at a physical or temporal distance to the speaker. These would be used when you'd use the Spanish word allí or ahí.
Ex: That book (on the other side of the room).
 
Aquel(la) and aquellos(as) are used to refer to objects or persons removed from the speaker by a substantial amount of space or time. These would be used when you'd use the Spanish word allá.
Ex: Those people (across the football field).

 

demonstrative adjectives

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Jaime El Sabio